Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that was completed before another past action or point in time. It helps to show the sequence of events in the past. To form the past perfect tense, we use the auxiliary verb "had" followed by the past participle of the main verb. The past participle form of regular verbs is formed by adding "-ed" to the base form of the verb, while irregular verbs have different forms.

Here's an example:

"I had already eaten breakfast before I left for work."

In this sentence, "had already eaten" is the past perfect tense. It shows that the action of eating breakfast was completed before the past action of leaving for work.

Rules

RuleExamples
Subject + (had) + past participle(verb)

had + finished

had + completed

Usage

To describe the order of events in the past:

1) She had finished her work before she went to bed.

2) He had already eaten lunch by the time we arrived.

3) They had left before the concert began.

Showing regret about a past event that cannot be changed:

1) I wished I had studied harder for the exam.

2) Maria wished she had listened to her mother's advice

3) She wished she had told the truth earlier.

To describe reported speech in the past:

1) She said she had finished the report.

2) He told me he had already seen the movie.

3) They mentioned they had been to the concert last night.

To describe a hypothetical past condition:

1) If he had known about the meeting, he would have attended.

2) She would have gone to the party if she had felt better.

3) They might have won the game if they had played better.

Form

PositiveNegative"Yes/No" Question
I had visitedI hadn't visitedHad i visited?
We had visitedWe hadn't visitedHad we visited?
You had visitedYou hadn't visitedHad you visited?
He had visitedHe hadn't visitedHad he visited?
She had visitedShe hadn't visitedHad she visited?
They had visitedThey hadn't visitedHad they visited?

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